Bunzel, Cole (27 November 2019). "Caliph Incognito: The Ridicule of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi". www.jihadica.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020 . Retrieved 2 January 2020.

Some believe that al-Baghdadi became an Islamic revolutionary during the rule of Saddam Hussein, but other reports suggest he was radicalized by joining the Muslim Brotherhood as a youth, [55] followed by his later internment with Al Qaeda commanders at the US Camp Bucca. [56] He may have been a mosque cleric around the time of the US-led invasion in 2003. [56] During this period, he was highly influenced by the writings of the Egyptian Jihadist scholar Sayyid Qutb. [57]IS released an audio message which it claimed was from al-Baghdadi. In the recording, al-Baghdadi urges Muslims to immigrate to the Islamic State and join the fight in Iraq and Syria. He also condemns the Saudi involvement in Yemen, and claims that the conflict will lead to the end of the Saudi royal family's rule. He further claims that Islam was never a religion of peace but instead is "the religion of fighting". [125] 26 December 2015 [ edit ] France – The French government said that it was a hard blow to the Islamic State however, saying, that this was also just a stage and that the fight must continue. [85] Gonzales, Richard (30 October 2019). "Head Of U.S. Central Command Says ISIS Leader Baghdadi Buried At Sea". NPR. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020 . Retrieved 31 October 2019. On 29 June 2014, ISIL announced the establishment of a worldwide caliphate. Al-Baghdadi was named its caliph, to be known as "Caliph Ibrahim", and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was renamed the Islamic State (IS). [93] [94]

a b c d "The Latest: UN chief says remember victims of terrorism". ABC News. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020 . Retrieved June 30, 2020.Neikirk, Todd (October 29, 2019). "General Milley: I Don't Know Where Trump got "Whimpering and Crying" Story From". Hill Reporter. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019 . Retrieved November 2, 2019. Hamming, Tore (2017). "The Al Qaeda–Islamic State Rivalry: Competition Yes, but No Competitive Escalation". Terrorism and Political Violence. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Taylor & Francis. 32: 20–37. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2017.1342634. S2CID 148963694. On 27 October 2019, Baghdadi killed himself and two children by detonating a suicide vest during the Barisha raid, conducted by the United States following approval from President Donald Trump, in Syria's northwestern Idlib Province. [18] After being offered Islamic funeral rites, his body was buried at sea. [19] IS confirmed his death and named Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi as his replacement. [20] Names [ edit ]

Turkey – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said al-Baghdadi's killing was a turning point in the fight against terrorism. [75]a b c d e f g h "Pentagon releases photos, video of raid on ISIS leader Baghdadi". Stripes.com. October 30, 2019. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019 . Retrieved November 1, 2019. Mouthaan, Erik (October 29, 2019). "Nederlandse hondentrainer: 'Hond die Al-Baghdadi opspoorde, was van mij' " (in Dutch). RTL Nieuws. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019 . Retrieved October 30, 2019. Katz, Rita (October 29, 2019). "What Baghdadi's Death Means for al Qaeda—and Why It Matters". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019 . Retrieved October 31, 2019. A video, made during the first Friday prayer service of Ramadan, shows al-Baghdadi speaking on a pulpit in the Arabic language to a congregation at the Great Mosque of al-Nuri in Mosul, northern Iraq. In the video, al-Baghdadi declares himself caliph of the Islamic State and calls on Muslims worldwide to support him. [120] A representative of the Iraqi government denied that the video was of al-Baghdadi, calling it a "farce." [96] However, both the BBC and the Associated Press quoted unnamed Iraqi officials as saying that the man in the video was believed to be al-Baghdadi. [121] [122] [123] 13 November 2014 [ edit ]